Preheat the gas grill to medium heat, around 350-400°F. Set up one side for direct cooking and place a cast iron skillet over the other side.
Add the butter to the cast iron skillet. Once melted, add the sliced onions, brown sugar, and black pepper. Cook 15-20 minutes, stirring occasionally, until softened and golden brown.
Place the bratwursts directly over medium heat. Cook 8-10 minutes, rotating every few minutes, until evenly browned with grill marks.
Pour both bottles of lager into the skillet with the onions. Stir in 2 tablespoons of spicy brown mustard and bring to a gentle simmer.
Transfer the grilled brats into the beer and onion mixture. Close the lid and cook another 15-20 minutes, until the brats reach 165°F internal.
While the brats finish braising, lightly toast the buns directly on the grill for 30-60 seconds.
Spread spicy brown mustard onto each toasted bun. Add a brat, top generously with beer-braised onions, and finish with fresh chopped chives. Serve immediately.